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How to Prepare for SOC 2 Audits

How to Prepare for SOC 2 Audits

2025-06-21 | | Network SecurityWeb App SecuritySocial Engineering

SOC 2 audits are essential for businesses that handle sensitive data, as they ensure your security practices meet industry standards. Preparing for a SOC 2 audit involves understanding its requirements, organizing your team, and implementing strong controls. Here's a quick summary:

Quick Comparison: SOC 2 Type 1 vs. Type 2

Aspect

SOC 2 Type 1

SOC 2 Type 2

Focus

Controls at a specific point in time

Controls over a period (3–12 months)

Timeline

Shorter

Longer

Cost

Lower

Higher

Goal

Initial compliance validation

Demonstrates ongoing effectiveness

Planning and Scoping Your SOC 2 Audit

Getting your SOC 2 audit right starts with thorough planning. A well-defined scope can save you from delays, unexpected costs, and unnecessary complications.

Setting the Audit Scope

The first step is to outline your audit scope by focusing on the systems, processes, and Trust Services Criteria that matter most to your business. This decision shapes the complexity, timeline, and cost of the audit. Begin by identifying the core services your organization provides - whether it’s software applications, data processing systems, or cloud infrastructure. Keep your scope focused on services critical to your operations and customer trust.

Next, decide which Trust Services Criteria are relevant to your business. Every SOC 2 audit must address Security, but you’ll need to evaluate whether other criteria - like Availability, Processing Integrity, Confidentiality, or Privacy - apply to your specific operations. For example, if you’re a SaaS company handling sensitive personal data, all five criteria might be relevant. On the other hand, a network infrastructure provider may need to focus primarily on Security and Availability.

Clearly define the boundaries of your system. Identify the applications, databases, network components, and third-party integrations that fall within your audit’s perimeter. For instance, one company had to expand its scope mid-audit to include a key third-party vendor because that vendor handled critical data processing tasks [1].

Your timeline also matters. A Type 1 audit evaluates controls at a specific point in time, while a Type 2 audit assesses them over a longer period (typically 3 to 12 months). Make sure your scope is achievable within the timeframe you choose.

Assigning Team Roles and Responsibilities

A successful audit requires a well-rounded team. Your SOC 2 team should include members from IT, information security, human resources, legal, and other relevant departments. Depending on your organization’s size, these roles might be handled by one person or distributed across several team members.

Key roles to fill include:

Leadership is crucial here. Management needs to set clear expectations and assign specific responsibilities for each control. If your team is new to SOC 2, consider bringing in an external consultant, like a CPA, to guide you through the process. Regular check-ins and open communication between team members ensure that nothing falls through the cracks.

With your scope defined and your team ready, the next step is gathering the documentation needed to support your audit.

Collecting Required Documentation and Resources

Effective documentation is the backbone of a smooth audit. The exact documents you’ll need depend on the Trust Services Criteria you’re addressing, whether you’re pursuing a Type 1 or Type 2 audit, and your internal control framework. Commonly required documents include a management assertion, a system description, and a controls matrix.

You’ll also likely need:

When preparing documents, use a standard format that explains the purpose of each policy, identifies the responsible department, and includes approval dates, implementation details, and the systems or processes covered.

Centralizing your documentation is critical. Use a tracking system to monitor evidence requests in real time and ensure all teams stay aligned. Automating routine tasks - like collecting logs or updating policies - can help reduce errors and save time. A well-organized, centralized approach not only simplifies the audit but also demonstrates your organization’s commitment to maintaining strong controls.

Conducting Gap Analysis and Risk Assessment

After defining your audit scope and assembling your team, it's time to assess how your current security measures stack up against SOC 2 requirements. A gap analysis helps pinpoint where your existing controls fall short, giving you a clear picture of vulnerabilities that could derail your audit. This process lays the groundwork for linking risks directly to your controls.

Running an Internal Gap Analysis

A SOC 2 gap analysis examines your systems and organizational controls against SOC 2 standards, identifying areas that need improvement. Start by analyzing the data you handle - where it’s stored, how it flows, and who has access. This approach not only highlights weak spots but also simplifies the remediation process.

Begin with an initial review to determine which Trust Services Categories apply to your operations. While Security is a must for every SOC 2 audit, you'll need to evaluate whether categories like Availability, Processing Integrity, Confidentiality, or Privacy are also relevant.

Next, audit your policies and controls for weaknesses. Build an asset inventory to catalog all systems and map out data flows. This helps you document how sensitive information moves through your environment and where it resides.

During the control identification and mapping phase, compare your existing controls to SOC 2 requirements. Common gaps include missing policies, weak access controls, insufficient risk assessments, poor change management practices, inadequate vulnerability management, and limited logging or monitoring.

"Since the goal of a gap analysis is to identify areas of weakness in your systems that need to be remediated before completing a SOC 2 examination, the auditor provides a key service in advising the client on prioritizing the gaps for remediation."

Consider taking a hybrid approach by combining automated tools with expert insights. Automated scans can quickly evaluate your systems, but manual checks may still be needed for accuracy. Partnering with third-party auditors can offer specialized SOC 2 expertise, while your internal team brings a detailed understanding of your unique environment to the table.

Connecting Risks to Controls

Once you've identified gaps, the next step is to assess the risks tied to each deficiency and link them to specific controls. This process, often called Trust Services Criteria Mapping, helps you evaluate how well your current measures align with SOC 2 standards.

When addressing the relevant Trust Services Categories, pay attention to supplemental criteria that strengthen your internal controls. These include logical and physical access controls, system operations, change management protocols, and strategies for mitigating risks. Clearly define roles and responsibilities so that every identified risk has a corresponding control and an assigned owner.

This mapping process can also reveal overlaps with other frameworks. For example, SOC 2 and ISO 27001 share a significant degree of alignment - ranging from 53% to 95% overlap [4]. By leveraging existing compliance efforts, you can streamline your work while staying proactive. Proper mapping helps you prioritize remediation efforts effectively.

Tracking and Prioritizing Fixes

With gaps identified and risks connected to controls, it’s time to focus on remediation. Develop a prioritization framework that considers factors like risk level, complexity of fixes, dependencies, and overall business impact.

Start by addressing critical vulnerabilities that could significantly impact your security posture or audit results. Break remediation efforts into actionable tasks with clear deadlines, and track progress using a ticketing system.

Set realistic timelines for remediation, keeping business priorities in mind. Assign task owners who will oversee progress, communicate updates, and ensure accountability. Regular check-ins - whether quarterly or more frequent - can help keep mitigation efforts on track.

"What makes our hybrid approach so effective is that we've built technology that mirrors how auditors actually think and evaluate controls. Our platform doesn't just identify gaps - it helps you understand them in context, prioritize them based on risk, and provide guidance to implement solutions that satisfy auditors while strengthening security. We've essentially encoded our team's decades of compliance expertise into technology that makes SOC 2 accessible to organizations at any stage of maturity."

Incorporate your remediation updates into ongoing risk assessments to track and report progress accurately. Establish metrics to measure both the effectiveness and speed of your fixes, and schedule regular reassessments to catch new gaps. Continuous monitoring ensures your controls stay strong and your compliance posture remains intact.

"SOC 2 gap assessments should at the very least be performed on an annual basis. It's ideal for organizations to continuously monitor their compliance posture to ensure that their SOC 2 controls are operating effectively."

Implementing and Strengthening Security Controls

Once you've identified gaps and assessed risks, the next step toward SOC 2 audit readiness is establishing strong controls. These controls - comprising processes and policies - are designed to secure systems, protect data, and quickly detect issues when they arise [5].

Key Technical and Administrative Controls

SOC 2 revolves around five Trust Service Criteria: Security, Availability, Processing Integrity, Confidentiality, and Privacy [5]. When implementing controls, focus only on those relevant to your specific criteria.

Controls can be grouped into three main categories:

Access Management

Access management is a cornerstone of SOC 2 compliance. This includes processes like user provisioning, deprovisioning, role-based access controls, and periodic access reviews. To prevent personnel security lapses, organizations should:

Change Management

Change management controls ensure system modifications follow documented procedures. This includes:

Both routine updates and emergency changes should be covered by your change management process.

Incident Response

Incident response capabilities are essential for detecting, responding to, and recovering from security events. Key practices include:

Control Type

Primary Function

Implementation Focus

Common Challenges

Access Management

User authentication and authorization

Role-based permissions, regular reviews

Outdated accounts, privilege creep

Change Management

System modification oversight

Approval workflows, testing procedures

Emergency changes, documentation gaps

Incident Response

Security event handling

Detection, containment, recovery

Response time, communication protocols

Data Protection

Information security

Encryption, backup, retention

Key management, data classification

Monitoring & Logging

Activity oversight

Real-time alerts, audit trails

Log storage, analysis capabilities

Data Protection

Protecting sensitive information is a critical component of SOC 2 compliance. This includes encrypting data (both at rest and in transit), ensuring secure storage, and following proper disposal procedures. Backup and recovery capabilities are also essential.

Monitoring and Logging

Monitoring and logging provide visibility into your systems, helping you detect unusual activity. Effective logging should capture user actions, system changes, and security events, while ensuring logs are retained for the required duration.

While technical measures are crucial, empowering your team through training is equally important.

Training Staff on Security Procedures

Your employees are your first line of defense, making security training a key part of SOC 2 compliance. A recent study revealed that 66% of U.S. CISOs cite human error as the biggest cybersecurity vulnerability, and 83% of organizations faced phishing attacks in 2021 [6][7].

Security awareness training is a mandatory requirement for SOC 2 compliance [6]. Programs should go beyond generic presentations, offering interactive, real-world scenarios that employees might encounter in their roles. For example:

Training methods should cater to diverse learning preferences. Research shows that employees commonly use:

Providing multiple formats can help engage all team members effectively. Additionally, simulated exercises, such as mock phishing campaigns or data breach drills, can reinforce training by testing employee readiness and identifying gaps in your procedures.

Documentation is critical. Ensure every employee completes the training annually and maintain records as proof. This evidence will be essential during your audit.

Once your team is well-trained, automation can help maintain compliance.

Automating Controls and Monitoring

Automation can streamline your efforts, reducing manual tasks while improving the reliability of your security controls. Compliance tools simplify control tracking, evidence collection, and reporting, making SOC 2 preparation more efficient [5].

Continuous Monitoring

Automated monitoring ensures your controls remain effective over time. Instead of relying on manual checks, automated systems can detect issues in real-time and alert your team before they escalate.

Examples of automation include:

For instance, documenting a user access review might involve saving screenshots of user roles within critical systems. Similarly, vendor assessments could include maintaining vendor risk questionnaires, signed contracts, or email records showing performance evaluations [5].

Effective Evidence Management

Maintaining well-organized records of control activities is essential. Automated systems can handle this consistently, reducing the risk of oversight and saving time.

When adopting automation, start with high-risk or time-intensive controls. Focus on areas where manual processes are most prone to error or where real-time monitoring can deliver the greatest benefits. Remember, automation should enhance your security efforts, not just tick compliance boxes.

Evidence Collection and Audit Preparation

Once your controls are in place and your team is trained, the next step is to gather and organize evidence to prove SOC 2 compliance. This is not a one-time task - it’s an ongoing effort requiring systematic documentation throughout the audit period [9]. A solid evidence collection process lays the groundwork for a successful readiness assessment.

Collecting and Organizing Evidence

The strength of your SOC 2 audit depends heavily on the quality of your evidence. Auditors rely on this evidence to confirm that your controls, processes, and configurations are functioning as intended. This means your evidence must demonstrate both the design and operational effectiveness of your controls [11].

To stay organized, use a centralized system to store audit-specific evidence. This approach ensures that everything is easy to access when the audit begins and signals your organization’s commitment to security practices [9].

Evidence requirements vary depending on the control category. Here are some common areas and the documentation auditors typically request:

Evidence Category

Required Documentation

Key Focus Areas

Terminated Employees

Access removal requests, user lists showing disabled accounts

Timely deprovisioning and access revocation

Risk Management

Vulnerability scans, penetration testing reports, remediation plans

Identifying and addressing risks

New Hires

Background checks, system access requests and approvals

Proper onboarding and access provisioning

Logical Security

Role-based access configurations, encryption settings, password policies

Technical security measures

Governance

Policy reviews, security training records, penetration testing results

Organizational security practices

Incident Response

Response plans, detection procedures, tabletop exercise documentation

Incident handling capabilities

Change Management

Code reviews, testing documentation, emergency change processes

Managing system modifications

Vendor Management

Vendor inventory, risk classifications, SOC 2 report reviews

Managing third-party risks

For evidence like backup controls, include screenshots that show the URL, key details on the screen, and a system timestamp. For example, a screenshot from AWS Backup confirming the existence of backups, along with the timestamp, ensures the evidence aligns with the audit period [8]. Similarly, when exporting user lists or other data, verify the record counts before and after extraction to maintain data integrity [10].

Make evidence collection a continuous process throughout the audit period. This ensures that all documentation is up-to-date and accurately reflects the audit timeline [9].

Running a Readiness Assessment

Before the formal audit, conduct an internal readiness assessment to confirm that your controls are functioning as intended. Think of this as a mock audit - it helps uncover gaps and ensures your evidence is complete and well-organized.

During this assessment, have control owners verify the accuracy and completeness of the evidence [8]. Test whether your evidence repository is easy to navigate: Can you quickly locate specific documents? Are timestamps clear? Is the evidence in a format acceptable to auditors?

You might also consider hiring external experts to conduct an objective review. Many organizations discover gaps or weaknesses during these pre-audit reviews, allowing them to address issues before the formal audit. Document any fixes you make as a result of this assessment. This not only strengthens your security program but also demonstrates a commitment to improvement. A thorough readiness assessment naturally sets the stage for building a strong audit trail.

Creating an Audit Trail

Once you’ve collected your evidence, focus on building a detailed audit trail. This serves as a digital record of activities, ensuring accountability and compliance throughout the process. Your audit trail should include:

Using automated tools can simplify the creation and maintenance of your audit trail. Automation reduces manual work while ensuring consistency and completeness [13]. Protect your audit logs from unauthorized access or accidental deletion, and set up alerts to flag suspicious activities that could compromise the integrity of your logs [13].

Make sure you allocate enough storage for your logs and plan for potential failures by establishing backup logging systems. This ensures continuity even if your primary logging system goes down [13].

Audit trails are especially useful when demonstrating remediation efforts. They provide a clear record that shows how automated monitoring and manual controls have been implemented and maintained.

"For instance, Keiter highlights how organizations can transform their processes to be SOC 2 ready. Instead of relying on sporadic email evidence that can be lost, a SOC 2 ready process uses digital forms that automatically document approvals and timestamp requests" [12].

Regularly review and analyze your audit findings, including logs and scans related to security and privacy. Consolidate this data into easy-to-read formats so analysts can extract meaningful insights [13]. Ultimately, a well-maintained audit trail not only supports compliance but also serves as a valuable forensic tool when needed [13].

Using Penetration Testing and Security Assessments

Getting ready for a SOC 2 audit isn’t just about internal reviews - it’s also about putting your security measures to the test. While SOC 2 doesn’t explicitly demand penetration testing, auditors often recommend it as a way to verify that your security controls are functioning as intended. Penetration testing simulates cyberattacks to uncover weaknesses in your systems and assess how they might impact customer data protection [14]. This hands-on approach signals to auditors - and your customers - that you take security seriously.

How Penetration Testing Supports SOC 2 Compliance

Penetration testing aligns well with SOC 2’s "Monitoring Activities" under the Trust Service Criteria (TSC). It helps evaluate whether your controls can withstand real-world threats [16].

In 2023, data breaches affected nearly 353 million people, with outdated systems and delayed patching contributing to 60% of these incidents [15][17]. These numbers highlight why penetration testing is often seen as essential for proving your security posture to auditors.

When it comes to SOC 2 audits, the requirements for penetration testing differ between Type 1 and Type 2 reports. A SOC 2 Type 1 audit usually requires a single penetration test, which can take about 10–12 business days to complete [14]. In contrast, SOC 2 Type 2 audits require multiple tests over a reporting period of three to twelve months to demonstrate ongoing effectiveness [14]. The cost of a thorough SOC 2 penetration test can range from $5,000 to $25,000, depending on the complexity of your systems [14][15].

"Many think SOC 2 slows them down. That's a myth. Automation is key to maintaining agility. If you're selling SaaS in the US, SOC 2 is essential. It's a precursor, not an option." – Lalit Indoria, Co-Founder and CTO, ClearFeed [14]

Penetration testing offers several benefits for SOC 2 compliance. It shows proactive security efforts, builds trust with customers, and provides auditors with concrete evidence that your controls work under pressure. Beyond compliance, these tests help identify vulnerabilities before attackers can exploit them, leading to stronger defenses [17].

How Stingrai Supports SOC 2 Audit Readiness

Stingrai’s Penetration Testing as a Service (PTaaS) platform simplifies SOC 2 preparation. Traditional penetration testing delivers in-depth insights but often falls short when it comes to speed, visibility, and repeatability - qualities that compliance efforts demand [20]. On the other hand, automated tools provide frequency but may miss critical logic flaws that human testers can catch [20].

Stingrai bridges this gap by combining expert-driven testing with a platform that ensures transparency and aligns with your engineering, security, and compliance teams [20]. Their PTaaS platform makes penetration testing a continuous and measurable process for SOC 2 compliance.

The platform offers features like real-time vulnerability tracking, integration with ticketing systems, live chat support, and customizable reports. These tools help you monitor remediation progress, streamline workflows, and produce auditor-ready documentation. Stingrai specializes in areas like web application security, network security, and social engineering assessments while adhering to standards such as OWASP, PCI-DSS, SOC 2, HIPAA, and ISO/IEC 27001. Free retests further validate remediation efforts, which is especially useful for SOC 2 Type 2 audits. By incorporating ongoing penetration testing results into your compliance documentation, you strengthen the evidence supporting your controls.

Adding Security Assessment Results to Compliance Documentation

After completing penetration testing, it’s crucial to integrate the results into your SOC 2 documentation systematically. Auditors want to see clear links between identified vulnerabilities, specific SOC 2 controls, and your remediation efforts [18].

Document findings, methodologies, and remediation steps clearly and concisely [9][18]. Include technical reports with CVSS scores to prioritize vulnerabilities, along with executive summaries for non-technical stakeholders. Map each vulnerability to the relevant Trust Service Criteria, such as CC4.1 for logical access controls or CC7.1 for system operations. Prioritize vulnerabilities based on their impact, ease of exploitation, and likelihood of occurrence [9]. Develop a detailed remediation plan with timelines, assigned teams, and follow-up actions [9]. Maintain an evidence archive with raw logs, screenshots, and proof of successful exploitation, ensuring strong communication across your security, engineering, and compliance teams [9].

Auditors view penetration testing as compelling evidence that your controls effectively mitigate risks and safeguard sensitive data. Without this evidence, proving the effectiveness of your controls can become challenging, potentially raising red flags during the audit process [19].

Conclusion: Key Points for SOC 2 Audit Preparation

Getting ready for a SOC 2 audit requires more than just ticking boxes - it’s about committing to strong, ongoing security practices that not only meet audit requirements but also enhance your organization’s resilience over time.

Start by clearly defining your audit scope. This should align with your contractual obligations and operational priorities, focusing on the Trust Services Criteria that matter most. Build a capable compliance team with well-defined roles, and conduct a thorough gap analysis to identify areas for improvement. Addressing these gaps early helps you strengthen your controls before the audit process begins.

A gap analysis paired with a risk assessment turns potential hurdles into clear, manageable steps. When you map your controls directly to SOC 2 criteria, the audit becomes less of a stress test and more of an opportunity to showcase your security practices. This approach also gives you the flexibility to address issues on your schedule, avoiding last-minute fixes under audit pressure.

Implementing effective controls involves both technology and people. On the technical side, use tools like access control systems, firewalls, and encryption to safeguard your systems. On the administrative side, establish clear policies and provide regular training for your team to ensure everyone is on the same page about security practices [21][2].

Evidence collection is another cornerstone of SOC 2 readiness. Keep all compliance documentation organized and easily accessible for auditors [9]. Focus on gathering up-to-date evidence that demonstrates the ongoing effectiveness of your controls. Automating evidence collection can save time, reduce errors, and lighten the load during assessments [8].

To further validate your controls, consider penetration testing and security assessments. These not only reinforce your security posture but also provide tangible proof that your systems can withstand real-world threats. Tools like Stingrai’s PTaaS platform simplify this process by offering features like real-time vulnerability tracking, ticketing integration, and detailed reports that are ready for auditors.

The growing demand for SOC 2 compliance highlights its importance in building customer trust and staying competitive in today’s security-focused landscape [23]. Preparing thoroughly isn’t just about passing an audit - it’s about demonstrating your commitment to safeguarding customer data and maintaining a strong reputation.

SOC 2 preparation is not a one-time effort. Regularly revisit your policies, test your controls, and reassess your processes to address new gaps as your organization evolves [3][22]. By staying proactive and adaptable, you’ll not only remain audit-ready but also create a compliance program that supports your long-term goals and growth.

FAQs

What challenges do organizations face when preparing for a SOC 2 audit, and how can they address them?

Preparing for a SOC 2 audit can feel overwhelming for many organizations. The process involves navigating the complexities of defining the audit's scope, pinpointing the necessary security controls, and maintaining compliance over time. Common hurdles include gathering enough evidence, addressing system vulnerabilities, and keeping up with updates to the framework.A good starting point is to clearly outline the audit's scope and thoroughly document all relevant controls. Conducting regular gap analyses can help you spot weak areas that need attention. From there, take proactive steps to fix those gaps. To stay on track, implement continuous system monitoring and schedule periodic reviews of your controls. These practices not only keep you compliant but also ensure you're well-prepared when it's time for the audit.

What is a gap analysis, and how does it help in preparing for a SOC 2 audit?

A gap analysis plays a key role in getting ready for a SOC 2 audit. It helps uncover where your current security measures and processes don't meet SOC 2 standards. Tackling these issues early can make the audit process smoother and increase your chances of success.Here’s how to approach a gap analysis:

Taking these steps not only helps with SOC 2 compliance but also strengthens your organization's overall security. For extra support, you might consider expert services like penetration testing or adversary simulation to thoroughly test your controls and address any weak points.

Why should penetration testing be part of your SOC 2 audit preparation, and how does it improve compliance?

Penetration testing plays a key role in getting ready for a SOC 2 audit. It helps uncover security weaknesses before they can be exploited. By mimicking real-world attack scenarios, organizations can assess how effective their security measures are and ensure they meet the Trust Service Criteria, like CC4.1. Although SOC 2 doesn’t specifically require penetration testing, auditors often recommend it as a smart, proactive step to showcase strong security practices. Including penetration testing in your preparation not only bolsters your compliance efforts but also minimizes risks and provides solid proof of your dedication to safeguarding sensitive information.

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